Category Archives: Constitutional law

Coe v Commonwealth [1979] HCA 68

ON THIS DAY IN 1979, the High Court of Australia delivered Coe v Commonwealth [1979] HCA 68; (1979) 53 ALJR 403; (1979) 24 ALR 118.  The appellant, Paul Coe, was unsuccessful in his appeal for leave to amend a statement of claim in proceedings seeking declarations and orders on behalf of the aboriginal community that Australia had not been validly occupied under the doctrine of terra nullius.

Gibbs J said: “The question what rights the aboriginal people of this country have, or ought to have, in the lands of Australia is one which has become a matter of heated controversy. If there are serious legal questions to be decided as to the existence or nature of such rights, no doubt the sooner they are decided the better, but the resolution of such questions by the courts will not be assisted by imprecise, emotional or intemperate claims. In this, as in any other litigation, the claimants will be best served if their claims are put before the court dispassionately, lucidly and proper form.”

The legal questions were ultimately decided in the Mabo case in 1992.

http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1979/68.html

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Islamic Republic of Iran

ON THIS DAY in 1979, the Islamic Republic of Iran was proclaimed.

 

Viro v R [1978] 141 CLR 88

ON 11 APRIL 1978, the High Court of Australia delivered Viro v R [1978] HCA 9; (1978) 141 CLR 88 (11 April 1978).

The High Court held that it is no longer bound by decisions of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom.  The court is “pre-eminently equipped to decide what is the law for Australia”.

http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1978/9.html

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Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (“Fraser Island case”) [1976] HCA 20

ON 14 APRIL 1976, the High Court of Australia delivered Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (“Fraser Island case”) [1976] HCA 20; (1976) 136 CLR 1 (14 April 1976).

The court held that the Commonwealth could validly legislate over the environment through its trade and commerce powers under the Constitution.  As a result, sand mining licensed by the Queensland Government was prohibited on the Fraser Island – the largest sand island in the world.

Fraser Island later became part of the Register of the National Estate, National Heritage List and the World Heritage List.

http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1976/20.html

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Australian Government dismissed

ON 11 NOVEMBER 1975, the Australian Government was dismissed by the Governor General.

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Privy Council (Appeals from the High Court) Act 1975 (Cth)

ON 8 JULY 1975, the Commonwealth Privy Council (Appeals from the High Court) Act 1975 commenced, abolishing appeals from the High Court of Australia to the Privy Council.

http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/pcfthca1975417/

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Voting age reduced to 18

ON THIS DAY in 1973, the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 was amended so as to lower the Australian voting age to 18.

 

Equal Rights Amendment passed but never adopted

ON THIS DAY in 1972, US Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment to the US Constitution. The amendment was never adopted as it was not ratified by enough states.

 

United Arab Emirates

ON 2 DECEMBER 1971, the United Arab Emirates were formed following the expiration of the British Treaty on 1 December.

http://uaecabinet.ae/en/UAEGovernment/Pages/UAE-Constitution.aspx

http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/poteoa1997455

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Fiji independence | 1970

ON 10 OCTOBER 1970, the Republic of Fiji became an independent sovereign nation.

Click to access 1970_constitution.pdf

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